Tran Dong Phuong assumed the role of Senior Policy Advisor at the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) in 2020. Prior to his tenure at ERIA, he held various positions within the ASEAN Secretariat. His tenure began in 2006 as the Assistant Director for Trade and Facilitation. Then he served as Assistant Director, Head of Infrastructure Division in 2009, and eventually as the Director of the Sectoral Development Directorate in 2013. In this latter role, he oversaw and managed five critical divisions: Food, Agriculture, and Forestry; Transport; Energy and Minerals; ICT and Tourism; Science and Technology; as well as the Initiative for ASEAN Integration and Narrowing Development Gaps Division.

Preceding his tenure at the ASEAN Secretariat, Tran Dong Phuong served as the Director-General for ASEAN Economic Integration within the Multilateral Trade Policy Department at the Ministry of Trade of Viet Nam. During this period, he represented Viet Nam as the Leader at the ASEAN Senior Economic Officials Meetings (SEOM).

He earned his Master of Commerce (Hon.) in Economics, specialising in international and development economics, from the University of Wollongong, Australia. His foundational education includes a Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering with a focus on Aircraft Production Technology from Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic.