Recent disruptions to the Strait of Hormuz have highlighted ASEAN’s dependence on imported crude oil and petroleum products, as well as its vulnerability to supply disruptions and price shocks. This book develops an analytical foundation to support practical, voluntary, and implementation-oriented regional co-operation. It presents a cost–benefit case study comparing national, balanced, and co-operative approaches, together with an assessment of the region’s refinery, storage, and port infrastructure and the conditions that make locations suitable for regional stockpiling co-operation. Building on these analyses, the book proposes a hybrid policy mix combining national, ticket, and joint stockpiling, and sets out recommendations and an implementation roadmap covering pilot initiatives, financing options, and institutional arrangements.
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