Project Overview

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of coal financing guidelines and the role of coal in ASEAN’s energy transition. Coal remains a dominant power source in the region, accounting for 30.5% of the energy mix and 34% of electricity generation in 2022. With over half of ASEAN’s coal-fired capacity less than 10 years old, coal continues to play a central role in meeting baseload demand and supporting energy security.

At the same time, global decarbonisation pressures and domestic commitments to carbon neutrality are prompting ASEAN Member States to re-evaluate their coal strategies. The project examines capacity trends, phase-out pathways, financing mechanisms, and repurposing options, including biomass and ammonia co-firing. By identifying best practices, investment needs, and policy frameworks, the study aims to support ASEAN countries in balancing affordability, reliability, and sustainability as they transition toward low-carbon energy systems.