The National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) is a multi-year, living country document developed to accelerate the implementation of the core capacities required under the International Health Regulations (IHR). Guided by the all-hazards and whole-of-government principles of the One Health approach, the Government of Indonesia successfully developed NAPHS 2020–2024. The plan was subsequently legalised with the issuance of Presidential Instruction No. 4/2019 on Capacity Enhancement in Preventing, Detecting, and Responding to Disease Outbreaks, Global Pandemics, and Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Emergencies.

To assess the implementation of the NAPHS 2020–2024, the Indonesian Ministry of Health in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted IHR Monitoring and Evaluation through Joint External Evaluations in 2023. One key recommendation was the development of a new NAPHS for 2025–2029.

The NAPHS 2025–2029 captures Indonesia’s national health security priorities by bringing together interdisciplinary expertise, sectors, and mandates to advance the country’s health security capacity. The NAPHS 2025–2029 is structured around four fundamental bases – prevention, detection, response, and IHR-related hazards, points of entry, border health – and encompasses 19 pillars and 56 indicators. These are anticipated to contribute to strengthening health security not only in Indonesia but also regionally and globally. However, to bring NAHPS 2025–2029 into practice, estimating the necessary costs became a prerequisite.

ERIA collaborated with the Ministry of Health and WHO to conduct a joint costing and budgeting analysis of the NAPHS 2025–2029. The objective was to identify and allocate the financial resources required to implement health security interventions. This project was carried out for 1.5 years and produced 1) an estimated costing and budgeting document integrated into the action plan, 2) a published NAPHS 2025–2029 document, and 3) a policy brief published on the ERIA website.

Assisted by Prof. Tri Mulyaningsih from the University of Sebelas Maret, ERIA successfully conducted scientific costing procedures to collect and analyse budgeting data from various Indonesian ministries contributing to Indonesia's health security agenda. The estimated 5-year cost to implement the action plan is about Rp46.6 trillion, with almost 98% allocated to prevention activities, particularly immunisation and zoonotic disease control. A funding shortfall of about 13% – equivalent to around Rp6 trillion – has been identified, underscoring the paramount importance of securing additional funding from other donors.

On 9 April 2026, the Ministry of Health published the NAPHS 2025–2029 document in Bahasa Indonesia on its repository. The document is publicly accessible at https://repository.kemkes.go.id/book/1516.

On 28 May 2026, ERIA published a policy brief titled Investing in Indonesia’s Health Security: Cost Estimation for the 2025–2029 National Action Plan on the institute’s website. The document is available at https://www.eria.org/publications/investing-in-indonesia-s-health-security--cost-estimation-for-the-2025-2029-national-action-plan.